If you look at the other figures quoted in the research, e.g. "The duration of the first stage of labor was significantly shorter with a water birth than with a land delivery (380 vs. 468 minutes, P < 0.01). The episiotomy rate in all water births was lower with a water birth than with a delivery in bed or a delivery on the birthing stool (0.38%, 23%, and 8.4%, respectively)." the water birth figures are given first, so the 1.22% neonatal infection rate would probably be for water births and the 2.64% rate for land deliveries.